Training Title 24 Name: Ms. Jess Davies Gender: female Age: 30 years old T- 98.6 P- 86 R 20 120/70 Ht 52 Wt 126lbs Background: Jess is brought for eva
Training Title 24
Name: Ms. Jess Davies
Gender: female
Age: 30 years old
T- 98.6 P- 86 R 20 120/70 Ht 5’2 Wt 126lbs
Background: Jess is brought for evaluation by her 2 roommates who are concerned with
behaviors. She had some issues with depression after aunt died but worsened in the 12 days after
she witnessed her brother killed via GSW in a gas station burglary. She is estranged from her
parents and her brother was her only sibling. She is only sleeping 2 hours/24hrs; she will only eat
canned foods. She smokes cannabis daily since she was 17 and goes out on weekdays couple
times with her roommates and has couple drinks of beer. She was prescribed alprazolam 1mg
twice daily as needed by her PCP for 15 days. She works in a bakery. Allergies: medical tape
Symptom Media. (Producer). (2016). Training title 24 [Video].
https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://video.alexanderstreet.com/wa
tch/training-title-24
Video content
[sil.]
00:00:15OFF CAMERA Your roommates, Rachel and Liz, shared some information with me. They said that you were fine, and that shortly after your aunt died, that you started acting in a different sort of strange way. Started having thoughts and hearing things that others couldn’t hear.
00:00:35JESS They think I’m living in a movie. Rachel and Liz. That’s who they think I am. I see a lot of movies. So maybe they’re right. Maybe I am a movie
00:00:45OFF CAMERA I’m not sure I understand how you can be a movie.
00:00:45JESS Because they listen to our apartment.
00:00:50[Whispers]
00:00:50JESS They listen from next door.
00:00:50OFF CAMERA Who listens?
00:00:55JESS Russian men and whores. They drill all night long. That’s how they send their information back. Drilling.
00:01:05OFF CAMERA Drilling. They send messages by drilling?
00:01:10JESS Doesn’t surprise me. Most people don’t understand.
00:01:15OFF CAMERA Your roommates said that your favorite aunt that died, she’s the one who raised you.
00:01:20JESS Maybe she did. Maybe she didn’t. Who told you? Can you prove it? I can’t.
00:01:30OFF CAMERA Liz and Rachel told me.
00:01:30JESS Good for them.
00:01:35OFF CAMERA And your roommates said you had some new neighbors that moved in. Are these the neighbors you’re talking about?
00:01:45JESS They’re not neighbors. They’re Russians. They don’t answer their door. I tried to banging on their door and they didn’t answer. Figures. I mean they only speak English. They don’t speak English, they speak Russian in code.
00:02:00OFF CAMERA You know, your roommate, Rachel, told me your new neighbors speak Spanish. They speak Spanish.
00:02:10JESS They lie. But what do you expect?
00:02:15OFF CAMERA What do they do? Your neighbors?
00:02:20JESS I don’t want to talk about this any more.
00:02:25OFF CAMERA You know, Jess, I imagine what you are experiencing right now feels very frightening. I hear from a lot of the people who, hear voices that maybe aren’t there, that it’s very frightening. And it’s upsetting. Are you experiencing anything like that?
00:02:40JESS Yes. I hear them talking when no one else can. I mean not Rachel, not Liz. That’s why I went down to my car yesterday. Because if I’m very, very still, the Russians can’t code me.
00:02:55OFF CAMERA What do you mean code you?
00:03:00JESS You know. You act like you don’t know, but you know.
00:03:05OFF CAMERA How long did you stay in your car?
00:03:10JESS Six hours. I watched them move in and out.
00:03:15OFF CAMERA So do you sometimes see things that your roommates don’t see?
00:03:20JESS No. But I know things that they don’t know.
00:03:30OFF CAMERA Jess, I realize it is difficult sometimes for people to tell me things but it really helps me with their background. Has anything happened recently? Anything traumatic?
00:03:40JESS I think that secret government papers are traumatic. Like blueprints. I mean, they have blueprints of buildings. My apartment is a building.
00:03:55OFF CAMERA What are the blueprints?
00:03:55JESS They’re all over the walls. That’s what they want.
00:04:00OFF CAMERA The neighbors?
00:04:00JESS The Russians. They’re terrorists. You’ll find out too late.
00:04:10OFF CAMERA Has anyone else seen these blueprints Jess?
00:04:10JESS I can stop them from seeing them. I covered the walls, I marked up the walls. I just need more markers.
00:04:20OFF CAMERA Jess, do you drink alcohol or take drugs?
00:04:25JESS My body is my temple. No.
00:04:30OFF CAMERA Have you been taking any prescription medications?
00:04:35JESS Yes I did. I was.
00:04:40OFF CAMERA So you stopped taking your medications?
00:04:45JESS Yes I stopped taking my medications. The medications were part of the problem. But you know all about that, don’t you?
00:04:55OFF CAMERA Jess, do you have any thoughts of hurting yourself, or hurting any other people?
00:05:00JESS Rachel and Lizzy? I don’t think they’re in on it. Time will tell.
00:05:10[sil.]
00:05:10END TRANSCRIPT
Running header: Assessing and Diagnosing Patients with Schizophrenia, Other Psychotic Disorders, and Medication-Induced Movement Disorders
1
Week 7 Assignment: Assessing and Diagnosing Patients with
Schizophrenia, Other Psychotic Disorders,
and Medication-Induced Movement Disorders
(Video: Training Title 24)
College of Nursing – PMHNP, Walden University
NRNP 6635: Psychopathology and Diagnostic Reasoning
October 16, 2022
Subjective:
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Assessing and Diagnosing Patients with Schizophrenia, Other Psychotic Disorders, and Medication-Induced Movement Disorders 2
CC (chief complaint): Having thoughts and hearing things that others couldn’t hear
HPI: J.D. is a 30-year-old Caucasian female who was brought in for psychiatric evaluation by
her 2 roommates who are concerned with behaviors. The patient seemed fine, according to her
roommates Liz and Rachel, but soon after your aunt passed away, she began acting in a different,
slightly unusual manner. started hearing and thinking things that nobody else could. According to
the records, the patient had some depression after the death of her aunt, but her condition
deteriorated in the 12 days following her brother’s GSW death during a gas station robbery. She
only sleeps for two hours per day and only eats canned foods. She has used marijuana every day
since she was 17 and occasionally goes out during the week with her roommates to drink a few
beers. Her PCP prescribed her a 15-day supply of alprazolam 1mg twice day as needed. The PT
thinks she is in a movie
She claimed that the new neighbors are Russian men and whores who drill all night to
send information back, and that they are listening to their apartment from the one next door. She
also claimed that they don’t even speak English, that they secretly speak Russian. She added
that if she remained absolutely still, the Russians couldn’t decode her. The new neighbors
actually speak Spanish rather than Russian, according to her roommates. She stated that she
hears them talking when no one else can, clarifying that she did not mean her 2 roommates. The
reason she walked down to her car yesterday, according to her, was “because if I’m very, very
still, the Russians can’t code me.” She said that when the rest of the world learned that the
Russians were terrorists, it would be too late. She stated that she had stopped taking her
prescription drugs because, according to her, “the medications were part of the problem”. She
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Assessing and Diagnosing Patients with Schizophrenia, Other Psychotic Disorders, and Medication-Induced Movement Disorders 3
was tangential in her response as to whether or not she had suicide ideation or thoughts of
harming others.
Past Psychiatric History:
General Statement: Patient brought in by roommates for psychiatric evaluation.
Caregivers (if applicable): Not applicable
Hospitalizations: None reported
Medication trials: Alprazolam 1mg tab twice daily as needed for 15 days
Psychotherapy or Previous Psychiatric Diagnosis: Depression.
Substance Current Use and History:
Tobacco: smokes cannabis daily and has since she was 17.
Alcohol: Two drinks of beers twice weekly.
Family Psychiatric/Substance Use History: Unknown.
Psychosocial History: She is estranged from her parents, and her lone sibling passed away after
being shot during a gas station robbery. She presently resides with Rachel and Liz, her two
roommates, who took her to the clinic for assessment. She has a full-time job at a bakery.
Although she admitted to having a difficult upbringing, she declined to go into further detail.
Medical History: Unknown
Current Medications: Alprazolam 1mg tab twice daily as needed.
Allergies: Medical tape
Reproductive Hx: No children.
ROS:
General: negative for – fever
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Assessing and Diagnosing Patients with Schizophrenia, Other Psychotic Disorders, and Medication-Induced Movement Disorders 4
Respiratory: no cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing
Cardiovascular: no chest pain or dyspnea on exertion
Gastrointestinal: no abdominal pain, change in bowel habits, or black or bloody stools
Musculoskeletal: negative for – muscle pain.
Objective:
Physical exam Vitals: Temp 98.6, Pulse 86, Resp 20, B/P 120/70, Height 5’2″, Weight 126
pounds, BMI 23
GEN: Alert, normal weight.
HEENT: sclera anicteric.
CV: Normal rate, regular rhythm. Normal S1/S2. No murmur, rub, or gallop.
PULM: Normal WOB on ambient air. Good respiratory effort with symmetric expansion. No
wheezes, rales, or rhonchi.
ABD: Soft, nondistended, nontender. No masses.
EXT: Warm and well perfused. No edema.
SKIN: Warm and dry. No wounds, lesions, rashes.
NEURO: Alert and oriented to self, place, recent events. No dysarthria. Moving all
extremities equally. Normal gait.
Diagnostic results:
Labs – CBC, CMP, LFT, cholesterol, HgbA1c, complete toxicology screening,
The Brief Clinical Assessment Scale for Schizophrenia (BCASS).
Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT)
CT/MRI to rule out neurodegenerative disorder.
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Assessing and Diagnosing Patients with Schizophrenia, Other Psychotic Disorders, and Medication-Induced Movement Disorders 5
Assessment:
Mental Status Examination:
J.D. is alert, appropriately dressed, poorly groomed, maintains eye contact throughout the
evaluation. She is anxious and cooperative, paranoid several times throughout the evaluation.
Normal gait and station, no psychomotor agitation or retardation, no abnormal
movements. Slightly pressured speech, normal rhythm and tone. Thought process and
associations notable for being tangential, flight of ideas, and loosening of associations, includes
paranoid ideations of frank and suspicious delusions. She is positive for auditory hallucinations
and negative thoughts about the new neighbors. Her speech is slightly pressured, and
disorganized. Poor insight, poor judgement, average intelligence from vocabulary. She denies
suicidal and homicidal ideations. Her affect is constricted, and her mood is anxious.
Differential Diagnoses:
1) Schizoaffective Disorder, Bipolar type.
This is the priority diagnosis for this patient. The following are the DSM 5 criteria for
this diagnosis: A. An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a significant mood
episode (major depressive or manic) contemporaneous with Criterion A of schizophrenia; B.
Delusions or hallucinations for at least two weeks without a major mood episode (depressive or
manic) throughout the course of the illness; C. The majority of the time during the active and
residual phases of the illness, symptoms that fulfill the criteria for a severe mood episode have
been present; D. The disturbance is not caused by the effects of a substance (such as a drug of
abuse or medicine) or another medical condition (Sadock et al., 2015). A mood episode and the
active-phase symptoms of schizophrenia co-occur in schizoaffective disorder when at least two
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Assessing and Diagnosing Patients with Schizophrenia, Other Psychotic Disorders, and Medication-Induced Movement Disorders 6
weeks of hallucinations or delusions without evident mood symptoms either before or followed
the mood episode (American Psychiatric Association, 2022). This patient meets the criteria for
this diagnosis because she has symptoms concerning for mania which include disorganization,
hallucinations, poor sleep, and delusions. Manic-depressive illness, or bipolar, is characterized
by mood fluctuations from depression to mania. These symptoms have been going for up to 2
weeks according to her roommates’ report. These mood swings may have an impact on an
individual’s behavior, capacity for rational thought, judgment, and ability to sleep (Carvalho &
Vieta, 2020).
2). Schizophrenia
The presence of two or more of the following for at least one month qualifies as the
diagnostic threshold for this condition (American Psychiatric Association, 2022). Delusions,
hallucinations, disordered speech, disordered conduct, and a lack of expressiveness or emotional
reactions. Schizophrenia can be diagnosed if there are delusions, hallucinations,
disorganized speech, and erratic behavior (Salvatore et al., 2021). Although it is uncertain if this
patient has had these symptoms for up to one month, the diagnoses is most suited for the
symptoms presented by this patient: disorganized though process, flight of ideas, delusions,
hallucinations, poor sleep, and poor appetite. This is a condition that comes with other mental
disorders making an individual lose contact with the reality.
Other psychotic symptoms, such as strong delusions, are also prevalent in this disorder. If
the delusions appear without the confused speech, disorganized conduct, loss in functioning, and
auditory hallucinations that are necessary for criterion A in schizophrenia, the provider may be
able to rule out this disorder. Given that this patient exhibits the symptoms listed, they may
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Assessing and Diagnosing Patients with Schizophrenia, Other Psychotic Disorders, and Medication-Induced Movement Disorders 7
indicate the presence of the condition. Although this patient exhibits at least 2 of these
symptoms which include hallucinations and disorganized speech, this disorder cannot be
conclusively accepted because of the uncertainty in the patient meeting all the criteria for the
diagnoses. At least two of these criteria have not been completely med, these are: Criteria D
which is that there have not been any severe manic or depressed episodes while the active-phase
symptoms have been present, and criteria B which is the disturbance’s ongoing symptoms
continue for at least six months. the duration of the patient’s symptoms should be determined,
and mania or major depressive episodes have to be ruled out.
3) Substance-Induced Disorder.
The existence of delusions or hallucinations, as well as indications of substance use
through laboratory tests, medical history, or physical examination, are diagnostic criteria for this
condition. Hallucinations and delusions are present in this patient, but laboratory tests are needed
to analyze whether there are any chemicals present that might be causing her symptoms.
(Klimkiewicz et al., 2020). Given the patient’s history of marijuana and alcohol use, it is also
necessary to perform the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT) screening test to
determine the chance that the patient has a drug use disorder that could be the cause of the
symptoms that are present (Klimkiewicz et al., 2020). It is not necessary for a patient to
experience hallucinations or delusions in order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia. Instead,
schizophrenia is diagnosed when a patient displays any two of the following symptoms:
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior,
negative symptoms like diminished emotional expression or avolition (). (Sadock et al., 2015).
Reflections:
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Assessing and Diagnosing Patients with Schizophrenia, Other Psychotic Disorders, and Medication-Induced Movement Disorders 8
Recent traumatic events that this patient has experienced may have served as the initial
catalyst for this psychotic episode. Her regular marijuana use since the age of 17 was also
mentioned in the history, thus more investigation is required to rule out the possibility that this is
the cause of the symptoms. The patient had strange mannerisms as well as disorganized speech
throughout the conversation, appearing to follow no logical structure. Hallucinations, delusions,
and difficulty speaking and thinking coherently are some of these symptoms. In order to
accurately diagnose the patient, it is crucial to carry out necessary tests during a psychiatric
evaluation in order to rule out other conditions that may be responsible for the symptoms. For
patients who present with symptoms as in the case of this patient, it is important to determine the
risk factors for suicide or homicide potentials. The clinician must ensure the safety of their
patients and themselves.
Evaluating a patient with symptoms of delusions, hallucinations and disorganized speech
and thought process can present a major challenge, and so the clinician may rely on information
from her roommates and this may pose ethical dilemma It is important for nurse practitioners to
be aware of the difficulties they can encounter while evaluating a client who is unwilling to
cooperate since it can be quite challenging to gain information in this situation. The ethical
implications of treating a delusional patient must also be considered, and physicians must obtain
their agreement and involve them in decision-making (Ruderfer, et al 2018). Even if a patient has
poor judgement due to her current condition, the clinician should be aware that this does not
negate the responsibility to secure the patient’s permission.
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Assessing and Diagnosing Patients with Schizophrenia, Other Psychotic Disorders, and Medication-Induced Movement Disorders 9
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic
Disorders. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.x02_schizophrenia_spectrum
Carvalho, A. F., Firth, J., & Vieta, E. (2020). Bipolar disorder. New England Journal of
Medicine, 383(1), 58-66.
Klimkiewicz, A., Jakubczyk, A., Mach, A., Abramowska, M., Serafin, P., Szczypiński, J.,
Demkow, M., & Wojnar, M. (2020). Psychometric properties of the Polish version of the
drug-use disorders identification test. European Addiction Research, 26(3), 131–140.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000506156
Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Pedro, R. M. (2015). Kaplan and Sadock’s synopsis of
psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (Eleventh ed.). LWW.
Salvatore, P., Baldessarini, R. J., Khalsa, H. K., & Tohen, M. (2021). Prodromal features in
first psychotic episodes of major affective and schizoaffective disorders. Journal of
Affective Disorders, 295, 1251–1258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.099
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,
NRNP/PRAC 6635 Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Template
Week (enter week #): (Enter assignment title)
Student Name
College of Nursing-PMHNP, Walden University
NRNP 6635: Psychopathology and Diagnostic Reasoning
Faculty Name
Assignment Due Date
Subjective:
CC (chief complaint):
HPI:
Past Psychiatric History:
· General Statement:
· Caregivers (if applicable):
· Hospitalizations:
· Medication trials:
· Psychotherapy or Previous Psychiatric Diagnosis:
Substance Current Use and History:
Family Psychiatric/Substance Use History:
Psychosocial History:
Medical History:
· Current Medications:
· Allergies:
· Reproductive Hx:
ROS:
· GENERAL:
· HEENT:
· SKIN:
· CARDIOVASCULAR:
· RESPIRATORY:
· GASTROINTESTINAL:
· GENITOURINARY:
· NEUROLOGICAL:
· MUSCULOSKELETAL:
· HEMATOLOGIC:
· LYMPHATICS:
· ENDOCRINOLOGIC:
Objective:
Physical exam: if applicable
Diagnostic results:
Assessment:
Mental Status Examination:
Differential Diagnoses:
Reflections:
References
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